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  FOR THELMA

  Introduction

  After many years writing about the royal family, among the questions I am most often asked are: ‘What are the Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh like as a couple? How does their marriage work? How do they operate as parents and grandparents?’ In short, when you strip away all the formality of royalty and the protocol that goes with it, what are they really like? With the success of the television series The Crown, interest in the personal side of their lives has been opened up to a whole new generation.

  Having been around the Queen and the Duke for over thirty years, and met them both on many separate occasions, I feel able to provide a unique insight into their lives, which I hope I have achieved through the following pages. As they celebrate seventy years of marriage, there has never been a more important time to set their story in the context of the changing world they have lived through together.

  Their story is as fascinating as it is improbable. How did an almost penniless prince of Greece win the heart of the world’s most eligible princess? How did she persuade her father, a King Emperor over whose dominions the sun never set, to give his consent? She was a chaste child-woman, who went straight from her nursery to the marital bed. He was a handsome 25-year-old naval officer, independent and charismatic, but without money or estates to his name. He was born on a dining-room table in a villa on the Greek island of Corfu; she was born in a grand house in London’s Mayfair with Home Secretary Sir William Joynson-Hicks in attendance.

  In a world where appearances counted for everything, Philip of Greece’s upbringing was one of distinctly royal disorder. When his engagement to Princess Elizabeth was announced two years after the end of the war, the British people had very mixed feelings. To many, Philip was regarded as an immigrant fortune hunter, with distinctly German connections through his sisters. In 1947, any hint of foreign blood was frowned upon, unless the owner came swathed in riches like the great American heiresses who married into the British aristocracy. Prince Philip ticked none of these boxes, but although the princess was young and somewhat naïve, she was stubborn and determined to conquer any opposition to the union with the man she loved. She had an uphill struggle, because at the time the establishment was able to wield great influence – and Philip was very much not a part of it.

  For the past seventy years, Prince Philip, the most fiercely competitive of men, has had to walk two paces behind his wife in public. It could have been an impossible role for a man of his temperament, but fortunately the Queen is the kind of traditionalist who believes a man should be the master of his own home. She has always appreciated how difficult it is for someone so obsessed with his masculine image as her husband to have a wife who always takes precedence over him. If compromise is marriage’s essential ingredient, it has been especially vital to the Queen and Prince Philip. Theirs is a surprisingly small world from which there is no escape. In their personal affairs, they have only each other to turn to for comfort and support. And, living on top of each other as they do, each must make allowances for the other if life is not to become so claustrophobic as to be unbearable.

  The Queen and Prince Philip made their accommodations early in their union and their marriage has been a success because of it. They remain close and, even after seven decades, the Queen’s face lights up when Philip enters a room. When she first took the unexpected reins of the monarchy in 1952, she was overwhelmed by the masculine pressures of the court while struggling to come to terms with the untimely death of her father. Without appearing to do so, Prince Philip took on the unlikely role of champion to his wife and became both mother and father to their children, allowing the Queen to deal with the requirements of her position.

  Until now, in the year he decided to announce he would give up his official duties, Prince Philip’s contribution to the royal marriage and everything it entails has been largely unrecognised, and I hope this book will help redress that oversight.

  Over the years, the Queen and Prince Philip have tried to keep control of the speculation and intrusion into their private lives and that of their family. However, they have often been faced with a press who seldom appear to worry if the stories are true – so long as they provide sensational headlines.

  The failure of the marriage of their son and heir Prince Charles to the ingénue Lady Diana Spencer certainly did that. It was the lowest point of the Queen’s long reign. Never had she envisaged she would be in the position of having to write to both her son and daughter-in-law saying a divorce was desirable. It went against everything she had been taught and rankled with her strong religious beliefs and position as Defender of the Christian Faith. It was made even worse by the death of Diana a year and a day after the divorce was finalised. Without the strong moral support of her husband, the Queen may well have crumbled, but she didn’t. In November 1997, three months after Diana’s death, they celebrated their golden wedding anniversary, and she paid tribute to her husband, saying he was ‘her strength and stay all these years’. More personally, she spoke for the first time of his ‘constant love and help’.

  The seventy-year marriage of Elizabeth and Philip has transcended some of the most turbulent times in the history of Great Britain. From the dark days of post-war Britain to the similarly dark days of the age of terrorism in which we now live, the Queen and Prince Philip have seen it all. They watched in sadness as not one but three of their children’s marriages ended in divorce, but they have lived long enough to see them all happily move on. They have enjoyed good enough health to see their many grandchildren grow up and can now watch their great-grandchildren begin that same process. No one can ask for more. The story of how they achieved this is the story of this book.

  Chapter 1

  WEDDING CELEBRATIONS

  ‘Lilibet is the only thing in this world which is absolutely real to me and my ambition is to weld the two of us into a new combined existence . . .’ So wrote the 26-year-old Prince Philip to his mother-in-law two weeks after his marriage on 20 November 1947. It was to be the blueprint for their life together and, such was the depth of his passion at the time, he went on to expand on his theme.

  ‘Cherish Lilibet? I wonder if that word is enough to express what is in me. Does one cherish one’s sense of humour or one’s musical ear or one’s eyes? I am not sure, but I know that I thank God for them and so, very humbly I thank God for Lilibet and for us.’

  Two nights before the wedding, in the royal tradition, a grand ball was given by the King and Queen at Buckingham Palace. Philip’s cousin Lady Pamela Mountbatten, who was among the 1200 guests, admitted her teenage memories of the wedding day were outdazzled by the ball. It was certainly something to remember after all the years of wartime austerity. The royal estates provided plenty of game, which was prepared by the chefs, and the finest wines and champagnes were brought up from the cellars. The menu, which included lobster mayonnaise, turkey, vanilla soufflé and cherries in brandy, was eaten off state china and in the centre of each round table for eight stood a gold vase filled with pale yellow roses and carnations.

  It was all too much for some of the guests and during the evening an Indian maharajah apparently became so drunk he took a swing at the Duke of Devonshire, but no one had a clue as to why. Towards the end of the evening, or more appropriately the following morning, the King led a conga line through the state apartme
nts before the assembled company sat down for breakfast. Mr Carroll Gibbons, one of the King’s favourite bandleaders, played below the organ loft in the ballroom with a programme of foxtrots, waltzes and rhumbas. Personal requests were sent by page to the bandleader, and when the Princess Elizabeth requested a tune that the band did not know there was a flutter of panic. Eventually Gibbons sat down at the piano with only his leading saxophonist. In a moment or two the ballroom was filled with the haunting strains of the tune played on the piano by Gibbons purely from memory, with the saxophonist at his side.

  The princess was wearing a dress of vivid coral pink net and delighted in showing off her engagement ring, which had been redesigned by Philip himself from his mother Princess Alice’s own heirloom stones. ‘She looked wonderful,’ said Lady Margaret Colville, the princess’s lady-in-waiting that night. She was ‘effervescent’.

  ‘Lilibet was a lovely girl, very pretty, and they were in love,’ remembers Lady Pamela Mountbatten, ‘but the horror for him was that she would ultimately be Queen of England. That would put paid to his promising naval career. What would he do for the rest of his life, always two steps behind? I think he thought he was either being very foolish taking this on, or he would have to do it seriously – which is what he has done. The awful thing for them was that they weren’t expecting to have to take on the job till they were in their fifties.’

  As soon as the engagement was announced, Pamela’s father, Lord Mountbatten, started giving Philip the benefit of his views on how the wedding should be arranged and how the couple’s new household should be run. Elizabeth was aware of Mountbatten’s interferingly ambitious plans and did not like it. This was a view shared by her mother, though not necessarily by her father.

  Philip knew how to respond and cautioned his pushy uncle by letter: ‘I am not being rude but it is apparent you like the idea of being General Manager of this little show, and I am rather afraid she might not take to the idea quite so docilely as I do. It is true I know what is good for me, but don’t forget she [Elizabeth] has not had you as uncle loco parentis counsellor and friend as long as I have.’

  By mid-October the wedding invitations to over two thousand guests had been sent out bearing the distinctive royal postmark, the cypher of the King. The most important invitees were, and still are, those known as ‘the magic four hundred’. These consist of royalty from all over Europe, who must be invited regardless of whether they are still throned or deposed. And of course, there were their personal friends who make up the intimate circle.

  As it was only two years after the end of the war, the King decided that there was no question of Prince Philip’s sisters being invited, as their German connection was still too shaming (they had moved to that country from Paris in the early 1930s to marry German aristocrats and stayed there during the war). ‘So soon after the war, you couldn’t have “the Hun”,’ Lady Mountbatten recalled. ‘I think Philip understood, but the sisters certainly didn’t. For years afterwards, they’d say: “Why weren’t we allowed to come to your wedding?” They weren’t exactly Stormtroopers.’

  It remained such a sensitive topic that it wasn’t until 2006 that Prince Philip broke a sixty-year public silence about his family’s Nazi ties, when he gave an interview for a book entitled Royals and the Reich and explained how, like many other Germans, his family found Hitler’s early attempts to restore Germany’s power and prestige positive.

  ‘There was a great improvement in things like trains running on time and building,’ Philip explained. ‘There was a sense of hope after the depressing chaos of the Weimar Republic. I can understand people latching onto something or somebody who appeared to be appealing to their patriotism and trying to get things going. You can understand how attractive it was.’ He stressed, however, that he was never ‘conscious’ of anybody in the family expressing anti-Semitic views.

  From his father’s seven brothers and sisters, all but one had died, but Philip’s Uncle George attended the wedding with his wife, Marie Bonaparte, and their daughter Eugenie alongside various cousins and cousins by marriage including Queen Helen of Romania, Queen Alexandra of Yugoslavia and Queen Frederica of Greece.

  The wedding was billed as a symbol of hope for the future for a country ravaged by war. There still were bomb craters in many of the streets; buildings often collapsed on their own, or were propped up with scaffolding; and every week brought the discovery of another unexploded bomb. Whole streets had to be demolished and everywhere there were damaged houses where one or two of the floors were open to the elements. Bits of wallpaper blew in the wind and the detritus from a half-damaged room piled up against what was left of the walls. Although the coldest winter within living memory was about to descend, the day of the wedding, 20 November, recorded temperatures of 59° Fahrenheit (15° Centigrade) due to an unusual tropical airflow.

  Even though the war had been over for some thirty months, the country was still subject to rationing. Bread, coal, sweets, clothes, furniture and soap were just a few of the things in short supply. As a special concession, it was agreed the Household Cavalry would be allowed to escort the princess to her wedding in full-dress uniform instead of their battledress. Because it was a period of such austerity, initially the wedding was going to be held quietly and privately in St George’s Chapel at Windsor to avoid any ostentatious display, but then the Labour government relented and permitted the marriage to become a public occasion. They realised such a festivity could only light up the hearts of the war-weary people, who showed astonishing generosity when the news was announced. Women sent sugar and flour from their meagre rations to help towards the wedding cake; others sent precious nylon stockings and hoarded lengths of fabric. Some even sent their clothing coupons, but these had to be returned since it was illegal for them to be passed on.

  The Radio Times, the most popular publication of the day, commemorated the wedding with a lavish cover. The magazine also described the wedding inside Westminster Abbey, the route of the royal procession and an order of service. As it was the first royal wedding to be extensively filmed and broadcast on television, it took great ingenuity from the Outside Broadcasting Unit to cover it all. The technical problems of televising the day were so great that it was decided to only advertise half of what the BBC intended to film in case things went wrong. This was how the magazine advertised the programme:

  The Royal Wedding

  THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 20

  The Marriage of H.R.H. PRINCESS ELIZABETH with Lieutenant PHILIP MOUNTBATTEN, R.N. in Westminster Abbey

  11.03 Procession of Her Majesty the Queen leaves Buckingham Palace.

  11.16 Procession of His Majesty the King and Her Royal Highness the Bride leaves Buckingham Palace.

  11.30 THE SERVICE

  12.30 Departure of the Bride and Bridegroom from Westminster Abbey, and the return processions to Buckingham Palace.

  COMMENTATORS:

  Wynford Vaughan-Thomas (inside the Abbey)

  Richard Dimbleby (outside the West Door of the Abbey)

  Peter Scott (on the roof of St. Margaret’s, Westminster)

  Audrey Russell (near Admiralty Arch)

  Frank Gillard (outside Buckingham Palace)

  It is hoped to interrupt programmes during the afternoon for a description of the departure of the Bride and Bridegroom for their honeymoon.

  THE WEDDING SERVICE:

  Fanfare (Bax)

  During the Procession of the Bride:

  Hymn: Praise, My Soul, The King Of Heaven (Goss) Introduction read by the Dean

  Solemnisation of the Marriage by the Archbishop of Canterbury Psalm 67 (Bairstow)

  Lesser Litany, the Lord’s Prayer, and Responses taken by the Precentor

  Prayers and Blessing by the Dean

  Motet: We wait for thy loving kindness, O God (McKie)

  Address by the Archbishop of York

  Hymn: The Lord’s My Shepherd (Crimond)

  Final Prayer and Benediction by the Archbishop of Canterbury
<
br />   Amen (Orlando Gibbons)

  Fanfare (Bax)

  The National Anthem

  During the signing of the Register:

  Anthem: Blessed by the God and Father (S. S. Wesley)

  Fanfare (Bax)

  Wedding March (Mendelssohn)

  Fifty-five BBC microphones enabled listeners throughout the world to share in the excitement. Broadcasters along the route and outside the abbey told of the arrival of guests and from his position on the Victoria Memorial, Frank Gillard described the bride leaving her home with her father the King. Further down the Mall, Audrey Russell, who was positioned on the roof of the Admiralty Citadel, took over from Gillard. Then, while the Irish State Coach, with Princess Elizabeth inside, passed on its way down the full length of Whitehall, the programme switched to the inside of the abbey for Wynford Vaughan-Thomas’s impression of the scene. As Vaughan-Thomas finished his description, Peter Scott took over from the roof of St Margaret’s Church. He announced the bride’s arrival in Parliament Square and a moment or two later renowned commentator Richard Dimbleby described the scene as the State Coach drew up to the West Door of the abbey.

  Out of sight of all the movement in the abbey, the engineer in charge of the broadcast sat at his control panel. On it was marked some twenty-six microphone circuits and he had to decide when to change one circuit for another and when to blend, say, the abbey bells with the sound of crowds cheering as Princess Elizabeth and Lieutenant Mountbatten left the abbey.

  At seven o’clock on the morning of the wedding, John Dean (Prince Philip’s valet) had tapped on the Duke of Edinburgh’s bedroom door at Kensington Palace where he was staying and entered with his tea. ‘He woke at once and was plainly in great form, extremely cheerful and in no way nervous,’ Dean recalled. ‘There had been a wedding rehearsal the previous day so we all knew exactly what we had to do, and the split-second timings of the day’s arrangements were clear in my mind.’